328 lines
16 KiB
Python
328 lines
16 KiB
Python
# =============================
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# app/simulation/modules/engine.py
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# =============================
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from __future__ import annotations
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from app.simulation.simulator import Module, Vehicle
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import random, math
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# Ein einziger Wahrheitsanker für alle Defaults:
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ENGINE_DEFAULTS = {
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# Basis
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"idle_rpm": 1200,
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"max_rpm": 9000,
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"rpm_rise_per_s": 4000,
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"rpm_fall_per_s": 3000,
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"throttle_curve": "linear",
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# Starter
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"starter_rpm_nominal": 250.0,
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"starter_voltage_min": 10.5,
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"start_rpm_threshold": 250.0, # <- fix niedriger, damit anspringt
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"stall_rpm": 500.0,
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# Thermik
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"coolant_ambient_c": 20.0,
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"coolant_warm_rate_c_per_s": 0.35,
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"coolant_cool_rate_c_per_s": 0.06,
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"oil_warm_rate_c_per_s": 0.30,
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"oil_cool_rate_c_per_s": 0.05,
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"idle_cold_gain_per_deg": 3.0,
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"idle_cold_gain_max": 500.0,
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# Öl
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"oil_pressure_idle_bar": 1.2,
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"oil_pressure_slope_bar_per_krpm": 0.8,
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"oil_pressure_off_floor_bar": 0.2,
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# Leistung
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"engine_power_kw": 60.0,
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"torque_peak_rpm": 7000.0,
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# DBW
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"throttle_plate_idle_min_pct": 6.0,
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"throttle_plate_overrun_pct": 2.0,
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"throttle_plate_tau_s": 0.08,
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"torque_ctrl_kp": 1.2,
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"torque_ctrl_ki": 0.6,
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# Jitter
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"rpm_jitter_idle_amp_rpm": 12.0,
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"rpm_jitter_high_amp_rpm": 4.0,
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"rpm_jitter_tau_s": 0.20,
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"rpm_jitter_off_threshold_rpm": 250.0,
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# UI-Startwert (nur Anzeige)
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"throttle_pedal_pct": 0.0,
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}
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class EngineModule(Module):
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PRIO = 20
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NAME = "engine"
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"""
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Erweiterte Motormodellierung mit realistischem Jitter & Drive-by-Wire:
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- OFF/ACC/ON/START Logik, Starten/Abwürgen
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- Thermik (Kühlmittel/Öl), Öldruck ~ f(RPM)
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- Startverhalten abhängig von Spannung & Öltemp
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- Leistungsmodell via engine_power_kw + torque_peak_rpm
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- Fahrerwunsch: throttle_pedal_pct (0..100) → Ziel-Leistungsanteil
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* Drosselklappe (throttle_plate_pct) wird per PI-Regler geführt
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* Mindestöffnung im Leerlauf, fast zu im Schubbetrieb
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- Realistischer RPM-Jitter:
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* bandbegrenztes Rauschen (1. Ordnung) mit Amplitude ~ f(RPM)
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* kein Jitter unter einer Schwell-RPM oder wenn Motor aus
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Outputs:
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rpm, coolant_temp, oil_temp, oil_pressure
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engine_available_torque_nm, engine_net_torque_nm
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throttle_plate_pct (neu), throttle_pedal_pct (durchgereicht)
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"""
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def __init__(self):
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self._target = None
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self._running = False
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self._oil_p_tau = 0.25 # s, Annäherung Öldruck
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# Drive-by-Wire interner Zustand
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self._plate_pct = 5.0 # Startwert, leicht geöffnet
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self._tc_i = 0.0 # Integrator PI-Regler
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# bandbegrenztes RPM-Rauschen (AR(1))
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self._rpm_noise = 0.0
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def _curve(self, t: float, mode: str) -> float:
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if mode == "progressive": return t**1.5
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if mode == "aggressive": return t**0.7
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return t
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def _torque_at_rpm(self, power_kw: float, rpm: float, peak_rpm: float) -> float:
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rpm = max(0.0, rpm)
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t_max = (9550.0 * max(0.0, power_kw)) / max(500.0, peak_rpm)
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# einfache „Glocke“
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x = min(math.pi, max(0.0, (rpm / max(1.0, peak_rpm)) * (math.pi/2)))
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shape = math.sin(x)
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return max(0.0, t_max * shape)
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def _plate_airflow_factor(self, plate_pct: float) -> float:
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"""
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Näherung Volumenstrom ~ sin^2(θ) mit θ aus 0..90° (hier 0..100%).
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0% ≈ geschlossen (fast null), 100% ≈ voll offen (~1.0).
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"""
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theta = max(0.0, min(90.0, (plate_pct/100.0)*90.0)) * math.pi/180.0
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return math.sin(theta)**2
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def apply(self, v: Vehicle, dt: float) -> None:
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e = v.config.setdefault("engine", {})
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# --- Config / Defaults ---
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idle = int(e.get("idle_rpm", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["idle_rpm"]))
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maxr = int(e.get("max_rpm", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["max_rpm"]))
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rise = int(e.get("rpm_rise_per_s", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["rpm_rise_per_s"]))
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fall = int(e.get("rpm_fall_per_s", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["rpm_fall_per_s"]))
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thr_curve = e.get("throttle_curve", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["throttle_curve"])
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ambient = float(e.get("coolant_ambient_c", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["coolant_ambient_c"]))
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warm_c = float(e.get("coolant_warm_rate_c_per_s", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["coolant_warm_rate_c_per_s"]))
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cool_c = float(e.get("coolant_cool_rate_c_per_s", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["coolant_cool_rate_c_per_s"]))
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warm_o = float(e.get("oil_warm_rate_c_per_s", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["oil_warm_rate_c_per_s"]))
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cool_o = float(e.get("oil_cool_rate_c_per_s", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["oil_cool_rate_c_per_s"]))
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starter_nom = float(e.get("starter_rpm_nominal", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["starter_rpm_nominal"]))
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starter_vmin= float(e.get("starter_voltage_min", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["starter_voltage_min"]))
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start_rpm_th= float(e.get("start_rpm_threshold", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["start_rpm_threshold"]))
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stall_rpm = float(e.get("stall_rpm", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["stall_rpm"]))
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power_kw = float(e.get("engine_power_kw", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["engine_power_kw"]))
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peak_torque_rpm = float(e.get("torque_peak_rpm", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["torque_peak_rpm"]))
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cold_gain_per_deg = float(e.get("idle_cold_gain_per_deg", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["idle_cold_gain_per_deg"]))
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cold_gain_max = float(e.get("idle_cold_gain_max", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["idle_cold_gain_max"]))
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oil_idle_bar = float(e.get("oil_pressure_idle_bar", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["oil_pressure_idle_bar"]))
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oil_slope_bar_per_krpm = float(e.get("oil_pressure_slope_bar_per_krpm", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["oil_pressure_slope_bar_per_krpm"]))
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oil_floor_off = float(e.get("oil_pressure_off_floor_bar", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["oil_pressure_off_floor_bar"]))
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plate_idle_min = float(e.get("throttle_plate_idle_min_pct", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["throttle_plate_idle_min_pct"]))
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plate_overrun = float(e.get("throttle_plate_overrun_pct", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["throttle_plate_overrun_pct"]))
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plate_tau = float(e.get("throttle_plate_tau_s", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["throttle_plate_tau_s"]))
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torque_kp = float(e.get("torque_ctrl_kp", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["torque_ctrl_kp"]))
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torque_ki = float(e.get("torque_ctrl_ki", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["torque_ctrl_ki"]))
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jitter_idle_amp= float(e.get("rpm_jitter_idle_amp_rpm", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["rpm_jitter_idle_amp_rpm"]))
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jitter_hi_amp = float(e.get("rpm_jitter_high_amp_rpm", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["rpm_jitter_high_amp_rpm"]))
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jitter_tau = float(e.get("rpm_jitter_tau_s", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["rpm_jitter_tau_s"]))
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jitter_off_rpm = float(e.get("rpm_jitter_off_threshold_rpm", ENGINE_DEFAULTS["rpm_jitter_off_threshold_rpm"]))
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# --- State ---
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rpm = float(v.ensure("rpm", 0))
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# Fahrerwunsch (kommt aus dem UI-Schieber)
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pedal = float(v.ensure("throttle_pedal_pct", float(e.get("throttle_pedal_pct", 0.0))))
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pedal = max(0.0, min(100.0, pedal))
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load = float(v.ensure("engine_load", 0.0))
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ign = str(v.ensure("ignition", "OFF"))
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elx_v = float(v.ensure("elx_voltage", 0.0))
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cool = float(v.ensure("coolant_temp", ambient))
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oil = float(v.ensure("oil_temp", ambient))
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oil_p = float(v.ensure("oil_pressure", 0.0))
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ext_torque = float(v.ensure("engine_ext_torque_nm", 0.0))
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# Dashboard-Metriken
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v.register_metric("rpm", label="Drehzahl", unit="RPM", source="engine", priority=20)
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v.register_metric("coolant_temp", label="Kühlmitteltemp", unit="°C", fmt=".1f", source="engine", priority=40)
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v.register_metric("oil_temp", label="Öltemp", unit="°C", fmt=".1f", source="engine", priority=41)
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v.register_metric("oil_pressure", label="Öldruck", unit="bar", fmt=".2f", source="engine", priority=42)
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v.register_metric("engine_available_torque_nm", label="Verfügbares Motormoment", unit="Nm", fmt=".0f", source="engine", priority=43)
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v.register_metric("engine_net_torque_nm", label="Netto Motormoment", unit="Nm", fmt=".0f", source="engine", priority=44)
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v.register_metric("throttle_pedal_pct", label="Gaspedal", unit="%", fmt=".0f", source="engine", priority=45)
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v.register_metric("throttle_plate_pct", label="Drosselklappe", unit="%", fmt=".0f", source="engine", priority=46)
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# Hilfsfunktionen
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def visco(temp_c: float) -> float:
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# -10°C -> 0.6, 20°C -> 0.8, 90°C -> 1.0 (linear segmentiert)
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if temp_c <= -10: return 0.6
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if temp_c >= 90: return 1.0
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if temp_c <= 20:
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# -10..20°C: 0.6 -> 0.8 (30 K Schritt → +0.2 => +0.006666.. pro K)
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return 0.6 + (temp_c + 10.0) * (0.2 / 30.0)
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# 20..90°C: 0.8 -> 1.0 (70 K Schritt → +0.2)
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return 0.8 + (temp_c - 20.0) * (0.2 / 70.0)
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# Spannungsfaktor: unter vmin kein Crank, bei 12.6V ~1.0
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vfac = 0.0 if elx_v <= starter_vmin else min(1.2, (elx_v - starter_vmin) / max(0.3, (12.6 - starter_vmin)))
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crank_rpm = starter_nom * vfac * visco(oil)
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# sinnvolle effektive Startschwelle (unabhängig von stall)
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start_rpm_min = 0.15 * idle # 15 % vom Idle
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start_rpm_max = 0.45 * idle # 45 % vom Idle
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start_rpm_th_eff = max(start_rpm_min, min(start_rpm_th, start_rpm_max))
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# --- Ziel-RPM bestimmen ---
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if ign in ("OFF", "ACC"):
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self._running = False
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target_rpm = 0.0
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elif ign == "START":
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target_rpm = crank_rpm # wie gehabt
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# Greifen, sobald Schwelle erreicht und Spannung reicht
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if not self._running and target_rpm >= start_rpm_th_eff and elx_v > starter_vmin:
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self._running = True
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else: # ON
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# Catch-on-ON: wenn beim Umschalten noch genug Drehzahl anliegt
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if not self._running and rpm >= max(0.15 * idle, start_rpm_th_eff * 0.9):
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self._running = True
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if self._running:
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cold_add = max(0.0, min(cold_gain_max, (90.0 - cool) * cold_gain_per_deg))
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idle_eff = idle + cold_add
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target_rpm = max(idle_eff, min(maxr, rpm))
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else:
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target_rpm = 0.0
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# --- verfügbare Motorleistung / Moment (ohne Last) ---
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base_torque = self._torque_at_rpm(power_kw, max(1.0, rpm), peak_torque_rpm)
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temp_derate = max(0.7, 1.0 - max(0.0, (oil - 110.0)) * 0.005)
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# Drive-by-Wire / PI auf Drehmomentanteil -----------------------------------
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# Fahrerwunsch in "Leistungsanteil" (0..1) transformieren (Kennlinie)
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demand = self._curve(pedal/100.0, thr_curve) # 0..1
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# Overrun-Logik: bei sehr geringem Wunsch → nahezu zu (aber nie ganz)
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plate_target_min = plate_overrun if demand < 0.02 else plate_idle_min
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# Regler-Soll: gewünschter Torque-Anteil relativ zum maximal möglichen bei aktueller Drehzahl
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# Wir approximieren: torque_avail = base_torque * airflow * temp_derate
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airflow = self._plate_airflow_factor(self._plate_pct)
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torque_avail = base_torque * airflow * temp_derate
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torque_frac = 0.0 if base_torque <= 1e-6 else (torque_avail / (base_torque * temp_derate)) # ~airflow
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err = max(0.0, demand) - max(0.0, min(1.0, torque_frac))
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# PI: Integrator nur wenn Motor an
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if ign == "ON" and self._running:
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self._tc_i += err * torque_ki * dt
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else:
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self._tc_i *= 0.95 # langsam abbauen
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plate_cmd = self._plate_pct + (torque_kp * err + self._tc_i) * 100.0 # in %-Punkte
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plate_cmd = max(plate_target_min, min(100.0, plate_cmd))
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# Aktuator-Trägheit (1. Ordnung)
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if plate_tau <= 1e-3:
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self._plate_pct = plate_cmd
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else:
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a = min(1.0, dt / plate_tau)
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self._plate_pct = (1.0 - a) * self._plate_pct + a * plate_cmd
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# Update airflow nach Stellgröße
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airflow = self._plate_airflow_factor(self._plate_pct)
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avail_torque = base_torque * airflow * temp_derate
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net_torque = max(0.0, avail_torque - max(0.0, ext_torque))
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# --- Ziel-RPM aus Netto-Moment (sehr simple Dynamik) -----------------------
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# Näherung: mehr Netto-Moment → RPM-Ziel steigt innerhalb der Bandbreite
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# Wir skalieren zwischen (idle_eff) und maxr
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if ign == "ON" and self._running:
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cold_add = max(0.0, min(cold_gain_max, (90.0 - cool) * cold_gain_per_deg))
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idle_eff = idle + cold_add
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torque_norm = 0.0 if base_torque <= 1e-6 else max(0.0, min(1.0, net_torque / (base_torque * temp_derate + 1e-6)))
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target_rpm = idle_eff + torque_norm * (maxr - idle_eff)
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# --- RPM an Ziel annähern (mechanische Trägheit) --------------------------
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if rpm < target_rpm:
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rpm = min(target_rpm, rpm + rise * dt)
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else:
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rpm = max(target_rpm, rpm - fall * dt)
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# Stall: in ON, wenn laufend und RPM < stall ohne Starter → aus
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if ign == "ON" and self._running and rpm < stall_rpm:
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self._running = False
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# --- Temperaturen ----------------------------------------------------------
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heat = (rpm/maxr)*0.8 + load*0.6
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if (ign in ("ON","START")) and (self._running or target_rpm > 0):
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cool += warm_c * heat * dt
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oil += warm_o * heat * dt
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else:
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cool += (ambient - cool) * min(1.0, dt * cool_c)
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oil += (ambient - oil) * min(1.0, dt * cool_o)
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# --- Öldruck ---------------------------------------------------------------
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if self._running and rpm > 0:
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over_krpm = max(0.0, (rpm - idle)/1000.0)
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oil_target = oil_idle_bar + oil_slope_bar_per_krpm * over_krpm
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elif ign == "START" and target_rpm > 0:
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oil_target = max(oil_floor_off, 0.4)
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else:
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oil_target = oil_floor_off
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a = min(1.0, dt / max(0.05, self._oil_p_tau))
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oil_p = (1-a) * oil_p + a * oil_target
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# --- Realistischer RPM-Jitter ---------------------------------------------
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# bandbegrenztes Rauschen: x[n] = (1 - b)*x[n-1] + b*eta, b ~ dt/tau
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if self._running and rpm >= jitter_off_rpm and ign == "ON":
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b = min(1.0, dt / max(1e-3, jitter_tau))
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eta = random.uniform(-1.0, 1.0) # weißes Rauschen
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self._rpm_noise = (1.0 - b) * self._rpm_noise + b * eta
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# Amplitude linear zwischen idle_amp und hi_amp
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# bezogen auf aktuelles Drehzahlniveau (klein aber sichtbar)
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amp_idle = jitter_idle_amp
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amp_hi = jitter_hi_amp
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# Interpolation über 0..maxr
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k = max(0.0, min(1.0, rpm / max(1.0, maxr)))
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amp = (1.0 - k)*amp_idle + k*amp_hi
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rpm += self._rpm_noise * amp
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else:
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# Kein Jitter: Noise langsam abklingen
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self._rpm_noise *= 0.9
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# --- Klammern & Setzen -----------------------------------------------------
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rpm = max(0.0, min(rpm, maxr))
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cool = max(-40.0, min(cool, 120.0))
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oil = max(-40.0, min(oil, 150.0))
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oil_p = max(oil_floor_off if not self._running else oil_floor_off, min(8.0, oil_p))
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v.set("rpm", int(rpm))
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# WICHTIG: NICHT runden – das macht das Dashboard per fmt
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v.set("coolant_temp", float(cool))
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v.set("oil_temp", float(oil))
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v.set("oil_pressure", float(oil_p))
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v.set("engine_available_torque_nm", float(avail_torque))
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v.set("engine_net_torque_nm", float(net_torque))
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v.set("throttle_pedal_pct", float(pedal))
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v.set("throttle_plate_pct", float(self._plate_pct)) |