Fixed premission-issues with additional script

app/can.py

@@ -1,23 +1,26 @@
-# can.py — SocketCAN OBD-II Responder + Link-Control
+# app/can.py — SocketCAN Link-Control + Diagnostics (pyroute2) + Helpers
 from __future__ import annotations
-import logging
-import threading
-import time
-import os
-import sys
-import subprocess
-from typing import Callable, Dict, Optional, List
-from pyroute2 import IPRoute, NetlinkError
-import json
-import can
 
-OBD_REQ_ID = 0x7DF
+import json
-PID_SPEED  = 0x0D
+import logging
-PID_RPM    = 0x0C
+import math
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from typing import List, Tuple
+import shutil
+
+from pyroute2 import IPRoute, NetlinkError
+
+# Logger (wird von deinem config.setup_logging konfiguriert)
+log = logging.getLogger("configapp")
+
+# ------------------------- Capability-Helpers -------------------------------
 
 CAP_NET_ADMIN_BIT = 12  # Linux CAP_NET_ADMIN
 
 def have_cap_netadmin() -> bool:
+    """Prüft, ob der aktuelle Prozess CAP_NET_ADMIN effektiv hat (oder root ist)."""
     if os.geteuid() == 0:
         return True
     try:
@@ -33,31 +36,77 @@ def have_cap_netadmin() -> bool:
 def need_caps_message() -> str:
     exe = os.path.realpath(sys.executable)
     return (
-        "Keine Berechtigung für 'ip link'.\n\n"
+        "Keine Berechtigung für Netlink-Änderungen.\n\n"
         "Option A) Als root starten (sudo)\n"
         "Option B) Capabilities auf das laufende Python setzen:\n"
         f"  sudo setcap cap_net_admin,cap_net_raw=eip \"{exe}\"\n"
         f"  getcap \"{exe}\"\n"
     )
 
+def _ip_json(iface: str) -> dict:
+    out = subprocess.check_output(["ip", "-details", "-json", "link", "show", iface], text=True)
+    return json.loads(out)[0]
+
+def _read_bittiming(iface: str) -> dict:
+    try:
+        j = _ip_json(iface)
+        return ((j.get("linkinfo") or {}).get("info_data") or {}).get("bittiming") or {}
+    except Exception:
+        return {}
+    
+def _cli(cmd: list[str]) -> tuple[int, str, str]:
+    r = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True)
+    return r.returncode, (r.stdout or "").strip(), (r.stderr or "").strip()
+
+def ensure_capabilities() -> None:
+    """prüft, ob Python und ip die nötigen Rechte haben; sonst RuntimeError."""
+    problems = []
+    if not have_cap_netadmin():
+        problems.append("• Dem laufenden Python fehlen CAP_NET_ADMIN / CAP_NET_RAW.")
+    ip_bin = shutil.which("ip")
+    if not ip_bin:
+        problems.append("• 'ip' (iproute2) nicht gefunden.")
+    else:
+        try:
+            out = subprocess.check_output(["getcap", ip_bin], text=True)
+            if "cap_net_admin" not in out:
+                problems.append(f"• '{ip_bin}' hat keine cap_net_admin/cap_net_raw.")
+        except Exception:
+            problems.append("• Konnte Capabilities von 'ip' nicht prüfen.")
+
+    if problems:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "CAN Link-Operation nicht möglich. Bitte führe einmalig:\n"
+            "  sudo prepare_can.sh\n\n"
+            "Probleme:\n" + "\n".join(problems)
+        )
+    
+# --------------------------- Interface-Helpers ------------------------------
+
 def list_can_ifaces() -> List[str]:
-    """Listet verfügbare CAN/vCAN-Interfaces via `ip -json link`."""
+    """Listet can*/vcan* Interfaces auf (erst ip -json, dann /sys Fallback)."""
     try:
         out = subprocess.check_output(["ip", "-json", "link"], text=True)
-        import json
         items = json.loads(out)
-        names = [i["ifname"] for i in items if i.get("link_type") in ("can", None) and (i["ifname"].startswith("can") or i["ifname"].startswith("vcan"))]
+        names = [
+            it["ifname"]
+            for it in items
+            if it.get("link_type") in ("can", None)
+            and (it["ifname"].startswith("can") or it["ifname"].startswith("vcan"))
+        ]
         return sorted(set(names))
     except Exception:
-        # Fallback: /sys/class/net
         try:
-            import os
             names = [n for n in os.listdir("/sys/class/net") if n.startswith(("can", "vcan"))]
             return sorted(set(names))
         except Exception:
             return []
-        
+
-def _link_info(ipr: IPRoute, iface: str):
+def _ip_show_json(iface: str) -> dict:
+    out = subprocess.check_output(["ip", "-details", "-json", "link", "show", iface], text=True)
+    return json.loads(out)[0]
+
+def _link_info(ipr: IPRoute, iface: str) -> Tuple[int, str, dict]:
     idxs = ipr.link_lookup(ifname=iface)
     if not idxs:
         raise RuntimeError(f"Interface '{iface}' nicht gefunden")
@@ -72,6 +121,7 @@ def _link_info(ipr: IPRoute, iface: str):
     return idxs[0], kind, info
 
 def link_state(iface: str) -> str:
+    """Gibt 'UP'/'DOWN'/… zurück."""
     try:
         with IPRoute() as ipr:
             idx, _, info = _link_info(ipr, iface)
@@ -85,51 +135,8 @@ def link_state(iface: str) -> str:
         pass
     return "UNKNOWN"
 
-def link_up(iface: str, bitrate: int = 500000, fd: bool = False, set_params: bool = True) -> None:
-    with IPRoute() as ipr:
-        idx, kind, _ = _link_info(ipr, iface)
-
-        # Wenn bereits UP: nichts tun.
-        try:
-            cur = ipr.get_links(idx)[0]
-            if (cur.get("state") or "").upper() == "UP":
-                return
-        except Exception:
-            pass
-
-        # 1) down (ignoriere "invalid argument" / already down)
-        try:
-            ipr.link("set", index=idx, state="down")
-        except NetlinkError as e:
-            if e.code not in (0, 22):
-                raise RuntimeError(f"Netlink error bei '{iface}' (down): {e.code} {e}") from e
-
-        # 2) optional: Parameter nur bei 'can' – EINVAL ignorieren
-        if set_params and kind == "can":
-            try:
-                ipr.link("set", index=idx, kind="can", data={"bitrate": int(bitrate)})
-            except NetlinkError as e:
-                if e.code != 22:  # alles außer EINVAL weiterreichen
-                    raise RuntimeError(f"Netlink error bei '{iface}' (bitrate): {e.code} {e}") from e
-                # EINVAL -> Treiber mag Param-Change jetzt nicht -> einfach weitermachen
-
-        # 3) up (hier darf es notfalls knallen)
-        try:
-            ipr.link("set", index=idx, state="up")
-        except NetlinkError as e:
-            raise RuntimeError(f"Netlink error bei '{iface}' (up): {e.code} {e}") from e
-
-def link_down(iface: str) -> None:
-    with IPRoute() as ipr:
-        idx, _, _ = _link_info(ipr, iface)
-        try:
-            ipr.link("set", index=idx, state="down")
-        except NetlinkError as e:
-            if e.code not in (0, 22):  # ignore EINVAL/OK
-                raise RuntimeError(f"Netlink error bei '{iface}' (down): {e.code} {e}") from e
-
 def link_kind(iface: str) -> str:
-    """liefert nur das INFO_KIND (z.B. 'can', 'slcan', 'vcan', 'none')"""
+    """liefert das INFO_KIND (z. B. 'can', 'slcan', 'vcan', 'none')."""
     try:
         with IPRoute() as ipr:
             _, kind, _ = _link_info(ipr, iface)
@@ -137,167 +144,155 @@ def link_kind(iface: str) -> str:
     except Exception:
         return "unknown"
 
+# ------------------------- Bit-Timing Berechnung ----------------------------
 
-class ObdResponder:
+def _extract_can_caps(j: dict):
+    """holt clock & bittiming_const aus ip -details -json."""
+    li = (j.get("linkinfo") or {})
+    info = (li.get("info_data") or {})
+    btc  = info.get("bittiming_const") or {}
+    clock = info.get("clock")
+    limits = {
+        "tseg1_min": (btc.get("tseg1") or {}).get("min", 2),
+        "tseg1_max": (btc.get("tseg1") or {}).get("max", 256),
+        "tseg2_min": (btc.get("tseg2") or {}).get("min", 2),
+        "tseg2_max": (btc.get("tseg2") or {}).get("max", 128),
+        "sjw_min"  : (btc.get("sjw")   or {}).get("min", 1),
+        "sjw_max"  : (btc.get("sjw")   or {}).get("max", 128),
+        "brp_min"  : (btc.get("brp")   or {}).get("min", 1),
+        "brp_max"  : (btc.get("brp")   or {}).get("max", 512),
+        "brp_inc"  : (btc.get("brp_inc") or 1),
+    }
+    return clock, limits
+
+def _compute_bittiming(clock_hz: int, bitrate: int, limits: dict, target_sp: float = 0.875):
     """
-    OBD-II Mode-01 PID-Responder über SocketCAN (11-bit).
+    Sucht brp, tseg1(=prop_seg+phase_seg1), tseg2, sjw s.d.
-    Non-blocking, threadsicher, mit Rebind-Funktion und robustem Reopen,
+      bitrate ~= clock / (brp * (1 + tseg1 + tseg2))
-    falls das Interface DOWN ist.
+      sample_point ~= (1 + tseg1) / (1 + tseg1 + tseg2)
+    Liefert dict für info_data['bittiming'] (oder None).
     """
-    def __init__(
+    brp_min, brp_max, brp_inc = limits["brp_min"], limits["brp_max"], max(1, limits["brp_inc"])
-        self,
+    tseg1_min, tseg1_max = limits["tseg1_min"], limits["tseg1_max"]
-        interface: str,
+    tseg2_min, tseg2_max = limits["tseg2_min"], limits["tseg2_max"]
-        resp_id: int,
+    sjw_max = limits["sjw_max"]
-        timeout_ms: int = 200,
-        logger: Optional[logging.Logger] = None,
-    ):
-        self.interface = interface
-        self.resp_id = resp_id
-        self.timeout_ms = timeout_ms
-        self.log = logger or logging.getLogger("obdcan")
 
-        # PID-Provider: pid -> callable() -> 8-Byte-Payload
+    best = None
-        self.providers: Dict[int, Callable[[], bytes]] = {}
+    best_err = float("inf"); best_sp_err = float("inf")
 
-        # Laufzustand / CAN-Ressourcen
+    for brp in range(brp_min, brp_max + 1, brp_inc):
-        self._run = threading.Event()
+        tq_per_bit_f = clock_hz / (brp * float(bitrate))
-        self._run.set()
+        tq_min = max(1 + tseg1_min + tseg2_min, int(tq_per_bit_f) - 2)
-        self.bus: Optional[can.BusABC] = None
+        tq_max = min(1 + tseg1_max + tseg2_max, int(tq_per_bit_f) + 2)
-        self.reader: Optional[can.BufferedReader] = None
+        for tq in range(tq_min, tq_max + 1):
-        self.notifier: Optional[can.Notifier] = None
+            tseg1_f = target_sp * tq - 1.0
-
+            for tseg1 in (math.floor(tseg1_f), math.ceil(tseg1_f)):
-        # Service-Thread, der bei IF=UP den Bus öffnet und RX abwickelt
+                tseg1 = int(tseg1)
-        self._thread = threading.Thread(
+                if not (tseg1_min <= tseg1 <= tseg1_max):
-            target=self._service_loop, name="OBD-SVC", daemon=True
-        )
-        self._thread.start()
-
-    # ---------- Lifecycle ----------
-    def _open_bus(self) -> None:
-        # ggf. alte Ressourcen schließen, dann neu öffnen
-        self._close_bus()
-        self._close_bus()
-        self.bus = can.interface.Bus(channel=self.interface, interface="socketcan")
-        self.log.info("OBD responder started on %s (resp_id=0x%03X)", self.interface, self.resp_id)
-        self.log.info(
-            "OBD responder started on %s (resp_id=0x%03X)",
-            self.interface, self.resp_id
-        )
-
-    def _close_bus(self) -> None:
-        try:
-            if self.notifier:
-                self.notifier.stop()
-        except Exception:
-            pass
-        try:
-            if self.bus:
-                self.bus.shutdown()
-        except Exception:
-            pass
-        self.bus = None
-
-    def stop(self) -> None:
-        self._run.clear()
-        try:
-            self._thread.join(timeout=1.0)
-        except RuntimeError:
-            pass
-        self._close_bus()
-
-    def rebind(self, interface: Optional[str] = None, resp_id: Optional[int] = None) -> None:
-        if interface is not None:
-            self.interface = interface
-        if resp_id is not None:
-            self.resp_id = resp_id
-        # Bus schließen; Service-Loop öffnet ihn wieder, sobald IF=UP ist
-        self._close_bus()
-        self.log.info("Rebind requested: %s, resp=0x%03X", self.interface, self.resp_id)
-
-    # ---------- Öffentliche API ----------
-    def register_pid(self, pid: int, provider: Callable[[], bytes]) -> None:
-        self.providers[pid] = provider
-
-    # ---------- Service-Loop (robust gegen 'Network is down') ----------
-    def _service_loop(self) -> None:
-        backoff = 0.5
-        while self._run.is_set():
-            # Bus öffnen, wenn IF up ist
-            if self.bus is None:
-                if link_state(self.interface) == "UP":
-                    try:
-                        self._open_bus()
-                        backoff = 0.5
-                    except Exception as e:
-                        self.log.warning("Bus open failed: %s", e)
-                        time.sleep(backoff)
-                        backoff = min(5.0, backoff * 1.7)
-                        continue
-                else:
-                    time.sleep(0.5)
                     continue
+                tseg2 = (tq - 1) - tseg1
+                if not (tseg2_min <= tseg2 <= tseg2_max):
+                    continue
+                real_bitrate = clock_hz / (brp * tq)
+                err = abs(real_bitrate - bitrate)
+                sp  = (1.0 + tseg1) / tq
+                sp_err = abs(sp - target_sp)
+                if (err < best_err - 1e-6) or (abs(err - best_err) < 1e-6 and sp_err < best_sp_err):
+                    best_err, best_sp_err = err, sp_err
+                    phase_seg1 = max(1, min(tseg1 - 1, tseg1 // 2))
+                    prop_seg   = tseg1 - phase_seg1
+                    sjw = min(sjw_max, max(1, min(tseg2, 16)))
+                    best = {
+                        "brp": int(brp),
+                        "prop_seg": int(prop_seg),
+                        "phase_seg1": int(phase_seg1),
+                        "phase_seg2": int(tseg2),
+                        "sjw": int(sjw),
+                    }
+    return best
 
-            # RX: eigene Poll‑Schleife statt Notifier
+# --------------------------- Link Up / Down --------------------------------
-            try:
-                msg = self.bus.recv(0.05)  # blocking short timeout
-                if msg is not None:
-                    self._handle(msg)
-            except (can.CanOperationError, OSError):
-                # IF ging down -> Bus schließen und später neu öffnen
-                self.log.info("CAN went DOWN — closing bus, will retry…")
-                self._close_bus()
-                time.sleep(0.5)
-            except Exception as e:
-                self.log.warning("CAN recv error: %s", e)
-                time.sleep(0.1)
 
-    # ---------- Message-Handler ----------
+def link_up(iface: str, bitrate: int = 500000, fd: bool = False, set_params: bool = True) -> None:
-    def _handle(self, msg: can.Message) -> None:
+    ensure_capabilities()
-        if msg.is_extended_id or msg.arbitration_id != OBD_REQ_ID:
+    # Snapshot vorher
-            return
+    try:
-        data = bytes(msg.data)
+        j0 = _ip_json(iface)
-        if len(data) < 3:
+    except Exception as e:
-            return
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Interface '{iface}' nicht lesbar: {e}")
-
+    kind = (j0.get("linkinfo") or {}).get("info_kind", "unknown")
-        # tolerant: 02 01 <pid> ... oder 01 <pid> ...
+    state = j0.get("operstate", "UNKNOWN").upper()
-        if data[0] == 0x02 and len(data) >= 3:
+    log.info(f"[link_up] iface={iface} kind={kind} state={state} target_bitrate={bitrate}")
-            mode, pid = data[1], data[2]
+
-        else:
+    with IPRoute() as ipr:
-            mode, pid = data[0], (data[1] if len(data) >= 2 else None)
+        idx, _, _ = _link_info(ipr, iface)
-
+
-        if mode != 0x01 or pid is None:
+        if state == "UP":
-            return
+            log.info("[link_up] already UP -> nothing to do")
-
-        provider = self.providers.get(pid)
-        if not provider:
             return
 
+        # 1) DOWN
         try:
-            payload = provider()
+            ipr.link("set", index=idx, state="down")
-            if not isinstance(payload, (bytes, bytearray)) or len(payload) != 8:
+            log.info("[link_up] state down -> OK")
-                return
+        except NetlinkError as e:
-            out = can.Message(
+            if e.code not in (0, 22):
-                arbitration_id=self.resp_id,
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Netlink error bei '{iface}' (down): {e.code} {e}") from e
-                is_extended_id=False,
-                data=payload,
-                dlc=8
-            )
-            if self.bus:
-                self.bus.send(out)
-        except can.CanError:
-            self.log.warning("CAN send failed (bus off?)")
-        except Exception as e:
-            self.log.exception("Provider error: %s", e)
 
-# --- Ende Patch ObdResponder -----------------------------------------------
+        # 2) bittiming setzen (nur 'can')
+        if set_params and kind == "can":
+            # Clock & Limits holen
+            caps = _ip_json(iface)
+            clock, limits = _extract_can_caps(caps)
+            if not clock:
+                raise RuntimeError("CAN-Clock nicht gefunden – kann Bit-Timing nicht berechnen.")
+            cfg = _compute_bittiming(clock, int(bitrate), limits, target_sp=0.875)
+            if not cfg:
+                raise RuntimeError("Kein gültiges Bit-Timing innerhalb der Treibergrenzen gefunden.")
+            log.info(f"[link_up] computed bittiming: {cfg} (clock={clock})")
 
-# Helfer fürs Formatieren
+            # 2a) pyroute2: bittiming setzen
-def make_speed_response(speed_kmh: int) -> bytes:
+            try:
-    A = max(0, min(255, int(speed_kmh)))
+                ipr.link("set", index=idx, kind="can", info_data={"bittiming": cfg})
-    return bytes([0x03, 0x41, PID_SPEED, A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00])
+                log.info("[link_up] pyroute2: set bittiming -> OK")
+            except NetlinkError as e:
+                log.error(f"[link_up] pyroute2: set bittiming FAILED: code={e.code} msg={e}")
+                # wir probieren weiter mit CLI-Fallback
 
-def make_rpm_response(rpm: int) -> bytes:
+            # 2b) prüfen, ob Kernel bittiming akzeptiert hat
-    raw = max(0, int(rpm)) * 4
+            bt = _read_bittiming(iface)
-    A = (raw >> 8) & 0xFF
+            log.info(f"[link_up] kernel bittiming after pyroute2: {bt}")
-    B = raw & 0xFF
+            if not bt or int(bt.get("bitrate", 0)) <= 0:
-    return bytes([0x04, 0x41, PID_RPM, A, B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00])
+                # 2c) CLI-Fallback – GENAU wie dein funktionierender Handtest
+                rc, out, err = _cli(["ip", "link", "set", iface, "down"])
+                log.info(f"[CLI] ip link set {iface} down (rc={rc})")
+                if out: log.info("[CLI STDOUT] " + out)
+                if err: log.info("[CLI STDERR] " + err)
+
+                rc, out, err = _cli(["ip", "link", "set", iface, "type", "can", "bitrate", str(int(bitrate))])
+                log.info(f"[CLI] ip link set {iface} type can bitrate {bitrate} (rc={rc})")
+                if out: log.info("[CLI STDOUT] " + out)
+                if err: log.info("[CLI STDERR] " + err)
+
+                bt = _read_bittiming(iface)
+                log.info(f"[link_up] kernel bittiming after CLI: {bt}")
+                if not bt or int(bt.get("bitrate", 0)) <= 0:
+                    raise RuntimeError("Bit-Timing wurde nicht übernommen (Kernel meldet kein bittiming).")
+
+        # 3) UP
+        try:
+            ipr.link("set", index=idx, state="up")
+            log.info("[link_up] state up -> OK")
+        except NetlinkError as e:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Netlink error bei '{iface}' (up): {e.code} {e}") from e
+
+def link_down(iface: str) -> None:
+    """Bringt das Interface sicher auf DOWN (idempotent)."""
+    with IPRoute() as ipr:
+        idx, _, _ = _link_info(ipr, iface)
+        try:
+            ipr.link("set", index=idx, state="down")
+            log.info("[link_down] state down -> OK")
+        except NetlinkError as e:
+            if e.code not in (0, 22):
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Netlink error bei '{iface}' (down): {e.code} {e}") from e

app/gui.py

@@ -6,15 +6,16 @@ import time
 import tkinter as tk
 from tkinter import ttk, messagebox
 from collections import deque, defaultdict
+import subprocess
 
 import can  # nur für Trace-Reader
 
 from .config import load_settings, setup_logging, SETTINGS_PATH, APP_ROOT
 from .simulator import EcuState, DrivelineModel
+from .obd2 import ObdResponder, make_speed_response, make_rpm_response
 from .can import (
-    ObdResponder, make_speed_response, make_rpm_response,
+    list_can_ifaces, link_up, link_down, link_state, link_kind,
-    list_can_ifaces, link_up, link_down,
+    have_cap_netadmin, need_caps_message
-    have_cap_netadmin, link_state, link_kind
 )
 
 
@@ -215,6 +216,17 @@ def launch_gui():
             # NEU: set_params aus Checkbox
             link_up(iface_var.get(), bitrate=br_var.get(), fd=False, set_params=set_params.get())
             msg = f"{iface_var.get()} ist UP"
+            # nach erfolgreichem link_up(...) – in gui.py
+            try:
+                out = subprocess.check_output(["ip", "-details", "-json", "link", "show", iface_var.get()], text=True)
+                info = json.loads(out)[0]
+                bt = (info.get("linkinfo", {}) or {}).get("info_data", {}).get("bittiming") or {}
+                br = bt.get("bitrate"); sp = bt.get("sample-point")
+                if br:
+                    messagebox.showinfo("CAN", f"{iface_var.get()} ist UP @ {br} bit/s (sample-point {sp})")
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
             if set_params.get():
                 msg += f" @ {br_var.get()} bit/s (falls vom Treiber unterstützt)"
             else:

app/obd2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# app/obd2.py — OBD-II Responder (SocketCAN) + Payload-Helpers
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import threading
+import time
+from typing import Callable, Dict, Optional
+
+import can
+
+from .can import link_state  # nur für "IF ist UP?"-Check
+
+# 11-bit OBD-II IDs (ISO 15765-4)
+OBD_REQ_ID = 0x7DF
+PID_SPEED  = 0x0D
+PID_RPM    = 0x0C
+
+class ObdResponder:
+    """
+    OBD-II Mode 01 PID-Responder (11-bit) über SocketCAN.
+    - eigener Polling-RX-Loop (kein Notifier -> keine Stacktraces beim Link DOWN)
+    - rebind(interface/resp_id) schließt Bus; Loop öffnet neu, sobald IF=UP
+    """
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        interface: str,
+        resp_id: int,
+        timeout_ms: int = 200,
+        logger: Optional[logging.Logger] = None,
+    ):
+        self.interface = interface
+        self.resp_id = resp_id
+        self.timeout_ms = timeout_ms
+        self.log = logger or logging.getLogger("obdcan")
+
+        self.providers: Dict[int, Callable[[], bytes]] = {}
+        self._run = threading.Event(); self._run.set()
+
+        self.bus: Optional[can.BusABC] = None
+        self._thread = threading.Thread(target=self._service_loop, name="OBD-SVC", daemon=True)
+        self._thread.start()
+
+    # ---------- Lifecycle ----------
+    def _open_bus(self) -> None:
+        self._close_bus()
+        self.bus = can.interface.Bus(channel=self.interface, interface="socketcan")
+        self.log.info("OBD responder started on %s (resp_id=0x%03X)", self.interface, self.resp_id)
+
+    def _close_bus(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            if self.bus:
+                self.bus.shutdown()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        self.bus = None
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        self._run.clear()
+        try:
+            self._thread.join(timeout=1.0)
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
+        self._close_bus()
+
+    def rebind(self, interface: Optional[str] = None, resp_id: Optional[int] = None) -> None:
+        if interface is not None:
+            self.interface = interface
+        if resp_id is not None:
+            self.resp_id = resp_id
+        self._close_bus()
+        self.log.info("Rebind requested: %s, resp=0x%03X", self.interface, self.resp_id)
+
+    # ---------- API ----------
+    def register_pid(self, pid: int, provider: Callable[[], bytes]) -> None:
+        self.providers[pid] = provider
+
+    # ---------- RX/Service ----------
+    def _service_loop(self) -> None:
+        backoff = 0.5
+        while self._run.is_set():
+            if self.bus is None:
+                # Öffnen nur, wenn Interface UP ist
+                if link_state(self.interface) == "UP":
+                    try:
+                        self._open_bus()
+                        backoff = 0.5
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        self.log.warning("Bus open failed: %s", e)
+                        time.sleep(backoff); backoff = min(5.0, backoff * 1.7)
+                        continue
+                else:
+                    time.sleep(0.5); continue
+
+            try:
+                msg = self.bus.recv(0.05)
+                if msg is not None:
+                    self._handle(msg)
+            except (can.CanOperationError, OSError):
+                # IF ging down -> Bus schließen und später neu öffnen
+                self.log.info("CAN went DOWN — closing bus, will retry…")
+                self._close_bus()
+                time.sleep(0.5)
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.log.warning("CAN recv error: %s", e)
+                time.sleep(0.1)
+
+    def _handle(self, msg: can.Message) -> None:
+        if msg.is_extended_id or msg.arbitration_id != OBD_REQ_ID:
+            return
+        data = bytes(msg.data)
+        if len(data) < 2:
+            return
+
+        # tolerant: 02 01 <pid> ... oder 01 <pid> ...
+        if data[0] == 0x02 and len(data) >= 3:
+            mode, pid = data[1], data[2]
+        else:
+            mode, pid = data[0], (data[1] if len(data) >= 2 else None)
+
+        if mode != 0x01 or pid is None:
+            return
+
+        provider = self.providers.get(pid)
+        if not provider:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            payload = provider()
+            if not isinstance(payload, (bytes, bytearray)) or len(payload) != 8:
+                return
+            out = can.Message(
+                arbitration_id=self.resp_id,
+                is_extended_id=False,
+                data=payload,
+                dlc=8
+            )
+            if self.bus:
+                self.bus.send(out)
+        except can.CanError:
+            self.log.warning("CAN send failed (bus off?)")
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.log.exception("Provider error: %s", e)
+
+# ------------------------- Payload-Helpers ----------------------------------
+
+def make_speed_response(speed_kmh: int) -> bytes:
+    A = max(0, min(255, int(speed_kmh)))
+    return bytes([0x03, 0x41, PID_SPEED, A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00])
+
+def make_rpm_response(rpm: int) -> bytes:
+    raw = max(0, int(rpm)) * 4
+    A = (raw >> 8) & 0xFF
+    B = raw & 0xFF
+    return bytes([0x04, 0x41, PID_RPM, A, B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00])

prepare_can.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# === OBD-II Simulator – Systemvorbereitung ===
+# Verwendung:
+#   sudo ./prepare_can.sh        # einrichten
+#   sudo ./prepare_can.sh --undo # rückgängig machen
+
+IP_BIN="${IP_BIN:-$(command -v ip || true)}"
+PY_BIN="${PY_BIN:-$(python3 -c 'import sys,os; print(os.path.realpath(sys.executable))' 2>/dev/null || true)}"
+
+if [[ "$#" -gt 0 && "$1" == "--undo" ]]; then
+  echo ">>> Entferne Capabilities von Python und ip …"
+  if [[ -n "$PY_BIN" && -x "$PY_BIN" ]]; then
+    sudo setcap -r "$PY_BIN" || true
+    getcap "$PY_BIN" || true
+  fi
+  if [[ -n "$IP_BIN" && -x "$IP_BIN" ]]; then
+    sudo setcap -r "$IP_BIN" || true
+    getcap "$IP_BIN" || true
+  fi
+  echo ">>> Undo abgeschlossen."
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+if [[ -z "$PY_BIN" || ! -x "$PY_BIN" ]]; then
+  echo "FEHLER: Konnte Python-Interpreter nicht ermitteln. PY_BIN=… setzen."
+  exit 1
+fi
+if [[ -z "$IP_BIN" || ! -x "$IP_BIN" ]]; then
+  echo "FEHLER: 'ip' (iproute2) nicht gefunden – bitte installieren."
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+echo ">>> Python: $PY_BIN"
+echo ">>> ip:     $IP_BIN"
+
+echo ">>> Setze Capabilities auf Python und ip …"
+sudo setcap cap_net_admin,cap_net_raw=eip "$PY_BIN" || true
+sudo setcap cap_net_admin,cap_net_raw=ep "$IP_BIN"  || true
+
+echo ">>> Prüfe Capabilities:"
+getcap "$PY_BIN" || true
+getcap "$IP_BIN"  || true
+
+# Optional: vcan0 einrichten
+if ! ip link show vcan0 &>/dev/null; then
+  echo ">>> Richte vcan0 ein (virtuelles CAN, nur zu Testzwecken)…"
+  sudo modprobe vcan || true
+  sudo ip link add dev vcan0 type vcan || true
+fi
+sudo ip link set vcan0 up || true
+ip -details link show vcan0 | sed 's/^/  /'
+
+echo ">>> Vorbereitung abgeschlossen."
+echo "Starte die App jetzt einfach normal (ohne sudo)."